© 2024 Evan D. Garner
Audio of this sermon can be heard here. Video is available here.
I love the Book of Esther, and I think I love it most because it’s unlike any other book in the Bible. There are important theological lessons to be gleaned from the text, for sure, but it’s presented more like a soap opera or a farce than a traditional biblical narrative. The book includes ten short chapters, designed to be read aloud in one raucous sitting, and it’s the sort of script we’d expect Eugene or Dan Levy to write, not Moses or one of the prophets.
The Book of Esther is the story of God’s people living in a foreign land. Set in the fifth century BC, it recalls a time when some of the Jewish people had settled in Persia, where they sought to maintain their identity despite living within the vast and powerful Achaemenid Empire. Scholars often note that nowhere in the entire book is God ever mentioned, effectively forcing the community of faith to search the story for God’s presence when it does not present itself in traditional ways. If you say Morning Prayer each day, you’ve noticed that readings from Esther have been featured lately, but our Sunday lectionary cycle only includes a reading from Esther once—on this day—so I don’t get a lot of chances to preach on the text, and today, instead of focusing on the search for God in story, I want to talk about parties.
Esther is a tale of parties. In the relatively brief text, there are ten different banquets that take place. They effectively serve as the glue that holds the story together and the channel through which most of the interesting action takes place. The book opens with a six-month-long debaucherous feast that King Ahasuerus threw for his officials and ministers to celebrate his own greatness, which pretty much tells you everything you need to know about King Ahasuerus.
Then there’s the seven-day banquet the king threw for the residents of the capital city as soon as the six-month banquet was finished. After seven days of drunkenness, we are told that the king commanded that Queen Vashti come and display herself to the king and his guests so that they could admire her beauty. But the queen refused. She was not an object for their delight. She was a woman, powerful and independent. She had already thrown her own banquet for the noble women of the kingdom, and she was not about to parade around to amuse some drunken men.
As you would expect from a man like Ahasuerus, the king was enraged, and so were his officials. One of his chief advisors said to the king, “Not only has Queen Vashti done wrong to the king, but also to all the officials and all the peoples who are in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus. For this deed of the queen will be made known to all women, causing them to look with contempt on their husbands” (1:16-17). A kingdom that is built upon misogynistic power, we are shown, cannot withstand the threat of a strong-willed woman, so the king did what kings like that are wont to do: he published an edict that banned Vashti from his presence and that declared “that every man should be master in his own house” (1:22). Like I said, it’s a script worthy of a series like Schitt’s Creek.
After conducting a national beauty pageant, the king selected Esther to be his new bride. Although she was Jewish, the adopted daughter of her cousin Mordecai, a leader among his people, she kept her ethnicity a secret at her cousin’s suggestion. Thus, when the king threw a banquet to celebrate his new queen, the reader can already anticipate the significance of a member of the Jewish diaspora assuming a position of national leadership in a kingdom that was not her own.
The story takes the dark turn we expect at yet another banquet. This time, the king and his chief advisor, the wicked Haman, sat down to dine together and issue a royal edict commanding the annihilation of the Jewish people in Persia. Haman persuaded the hapless king to command the genocide because he was furious that Mordecai repeatedly refused to bow down to him. When Haman learned that Mordecai was Jewish, the Bible tells us, “he thought it beneath him to lay hands on Mordecai alone. So, having been told who Mordecai’s people were, Haman plotted to destroy all the Jews, the people of Mordecai, throughout the whole kingdom of Ahasuerus” (3:6).
Only at the banquet we hear about in today’s reading—the second in a row that Queen Esther hosted for the king and Haman—is the wicked plot revealed. The story includes lots of twists and turns that both the lectionary and I must skip over, but suffice it to say that Haman is undone by his own hubris and by Esther’s bravery and by a heavy-handed dose of irony that makes it clear this story belongs in paperback. “Look,” another of the king’s advisors declared, “the very gallows that Haman has prepared for Mordecai, whose word saved the king, stands at Haman's house, fifty cubits high.” And the king said, “Hang him on that” (7:9).
But, even with the death of the antagonist, the series of banquets is not yet finished. That’s because the genocidal edict that threatened the Jewish people across the kingdom of Persia could not be repealed. In a strange layer of internal commentary on the nature of law itself, according to the Book of Esther, once the Persian king issued an official edict it could never be changed. So, after elevating Mordecai to the position formerly held by Haman, the king needed to be persuaded to issue a contravening declaration—one that would protect God’s people from the mobs that had begun to assemble to exterminate them.
Having learned nothing from his mistakes, the king handed over to Mordecai the authority to draft, seal, and publish a new edict, one that permitted the Jewish people in every city across the land [quote] “to assemble and defend their lives, to destroy, to kill, and to annihilate any armed force of any people or province that might attack them, with their children and women, and to plunder their goods” (8:11). Although God’s people were careful not to take any of the plunder—it seems they had learned their lesson from back when King Saul made a similar mistake in 1 Samuel 15—they killed 500 people in the capital city and 75,000 people across the land. Historians think that 75,000 is a fair estimate of the number of Jews living in Persia at the time, so one might say that their preemptive slaughter was a gesture of balance, though it also begs the question whether any law that condones violence could ever be justified.
To celebrate their deliverance, God’s people held banquets throughout the empire. The feast of Purim, which is observed every spring, right before Passover, is a reminder not only of the time when Esther and Mordecai saved God’s people but also that the threat of their destruction does not go away when a single enemy is defeated. Even the name of the feast itself—Purim—comes from a word that means “lot,” as in the lot that Haman cast to determine the day when the Jews would be murdered. Each banquet in the story presents another reversal of fortune, and the final banquet, while a celebration of the Jewish people’s miraculous deliverance from near-certain genocide, also contains in its very name a reminder of how real the threat remains.
I wonder, though, whether Christians can hear this story—this amusing and farcical tale designed to entertain as much as educate—and draw from it a different message without undermining the importance of its original Jewish context. I wonder whether we might reinterpret the Book of Esther by reading it alongside the story of our own banquet, the Eucharist, where we, too, experience a reversal of fortune.
In his commentary, Sam Wells wrote about the Book of Esther,
An invitation to a banquet is an invitation to a political reversal. Here the implications for Christian liturgy become evident. It begs the question, is the Christian Eucharist such a banquet— such a repeated, interactive, reading-and-performing rehearsal of reversal? The Eucharist should be the place and time where Christians recall that God has put down the mighty from their seats and exalted the humble and meek— and that God, the mighty, has come down from that seat and become humble and meek so that we, if we are humble and meek, might, through the power of his Spirit, become mighty. This should be the place and time where Christians celebrate that greatest of all reversals and where they reenact the death and resurrection of Christ, the definitive reversal gently anticipated in the mission of Esther. [1]
To conclude, I want to take Sam Wells’ observation a step further. In the eucharistic banquet, we encounter the ultimate and final reversal of the cosmos. There is no going back. Death has been defeated. Sin has been put away. Our unity with God has been restored. But that great reversal comes not because our protagonist has been spared the pain of death but because he has embraced it. And that means that the path that leads to our salvation must also take us through the grave and gate of death before we can enter the joyful resurrection that awaits. And, if God has used the death of God’s Son to achieve for us the ultimate victory over death, that means that death itself is no longer a threat. Because of Christ, it has been robbed of is sting.
Whenever we celebrate the Eucharist, which we do here today, we not only recall Christ’s death and resurrection, we reenact them by partaking in Christ’s body and blood. This is, as Sam Wells suggested, a “reading-and-performing rehearsal of reversal,” but it is also the place where we submit our own lives to Christ’s death on the cross so that we, being one with him, might find new life. If we come to Communion expecting anything less than our full participation in the complete and total reversal of the world through our own death and resurrection, then we aren’t doing this banquet justice.
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1. Wells, Samuel; Sumner, George. Esther & Daniel; Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible; Baker Publishing Group, Kindle Edition: Kindle Locations 2127-2135.