No One Left Out

 

December 24, 2021 – Christmas I

Isaiah 9:2-7; Titus 2:11-14; Luke 2:1-15-20

© 2022 Evan D. Garner

Audio of this sermon is available here. Video of the service can be seen here with the sermon beginning around 55:50.

Good news is hard to come by these days, isn’t it? Often, people in charge tell us that they have good news even though what they really mean is that they have news that is good for them. The boss tells us that profits are up, but she doesn’t mention that our Christmas bonus pales in comparison to what those with corner offices are getting. The White House says that inflation is slowing down and incomes are going up, but what about people who got laid off in the downturn and haven’t found a job yet? After the 6:00 p.m. service, Lora Walsh joked that the new $1.7 trillion omnibus spending bill now allows those of us with unspent money in a 529 college savings account to roll those funds over to a Roth IRA, which is good news…for some of us. But not everyone has the privilege of unused college savings, do they?

When it finally is our turn to receive some good news, sharing it with other people has become increasingly awkward. With all the illness and death around us, it feels unfair to tell other people that our latest scan was clear. We want to celebrate a long-awaited pregnancy, but we know that there are those around us who have lost children or who have been struggling for years to conceive. Our digitally connected lives make it hard to have unqualified good news because, by the time we post it on social media, we see someone else whose news is anything but good. And good news doesn’t feel good when the people we love don’t have good news of their own.

The awkwardness and incompleteness of selective good news is not a new phenomenon. Back in the days of Mary and Joseph, the authorities never missed a chance to proclaim the good news of the Empire in order to remind their subjects where that good news came from. After defeating his rivals Mark Antony and Cleopatra in the War of Actium in 30 BC, Gaius Octavius was hailed by the Roman Senate as Caesar Augustus—a title which means “the exalted one.” The Roman Republic had been plagued by civil wars for more than a century, but this victory ushered in a new age of peace—a Pax Romana that would last for two hundred years. 

Under his leadership, the Republic became the Empire, and its Caesar became its god. In addition to being heralded as Augustus, the Emperor also became known as Savior and Lord, titles reinforced through imperial propaganda. The Caesar himself was not initially deified, but he instituted an imperial cult, through which the powers at work in him—Victory, Liberty, Security, and Peace—were themselves worshipped. It didn’t take long for the lines between the virtues and the virtuous to be blurred.

Every time his name was uttered, the good news of what the Exalted One had accomplished was proclaimed. And it was hard to argue with his success. After seemingly endless conflict, Augustus had ushered in a new age of peace. The Empire was growing. Large investments in infrastructure were being made. The glory of the capital city was being restored. The system of taxation was reformed, and Roman coffers were full. It was a time of seemingly limitless good news, but it wasn’t good news for everyone.

What did the Pax Romana mean for the residents of Palestine, the Roman province of Syria? What did God’s people, living under imperial rule, know about peace and prosperity? What did liberty and victory mean to them? Luke tells us that, in those days, Emperor Augustus issued a decree that all the world should be registered. It didn’t matter that the Jewish people didn’t think of themselves as his subjects, and it didn’t matter that Mother Mary was too close to delivering her child to travel anywhere. 

If anyone had the power to command the whole earth to get up and move in order to be counted it was Emperor Augustus. His authority was unparalleled. His success was unrivaled. But what good was that for the people who lived in Bethlehem or Galilee or Jerusalem? That power and prestige made some feel secure, but those who scratched together a life on the edge of the Empire knew that the soldiers in their towns were not there to protect them but to safeguard the interests of Rome. So they prayed for a peace that could only come from God.

On this holy night, those prayers are answered. In the fields outside of Bethlehem, when the heavens are torn open and the angel of the Lord gives voice to God’s good news, God reveals a different vision for peace and prosperity: “I am bringing you good news of great joy for all the people: to you is born this day in the city of David a Savior, who is the Messiah, the Lord.” There is no small measure of irony contained in the angel’s words. This proclamation takes the form of something you were likely to hear from an officer of the state, but this is God’s rejection of any imperial proclamations. Our savior is found not in the city of the emperor but in the ancestral city of Israel’s king. This good news is not proclaimed to the rich and powerful but is meant for all people, starting with the lowly shepherds.

That’s the curious thing about true peace and prosperity. No emperor can provide them because they cannot be imposed from above. In order to be effective for all people, they must start at the ground and work their way up. Whenever human beings rely upon expressions of power to provide their peace, someone will always be overlooked. Whenever we put our faith in earthly accomplishments, whether they are our own or those of our government, there will always be a gap or a flaw. Someone will always be left out, and that someone could be us. When we are truly connected with each other in meaningful ways, we know that good news for a few is not good news at all. 

But, in the birth of Jesus, God does something radically different. In this miraculous birth, God declares to all the inhabitants of the earth that God is providing what no empire can offer—a peace that is given to all people because in Christ that peace comes from the bottom up.

On this night, God not only comes to us but actually becomes us. God saves us by being born for us. God protects us by becoming vulnerable with us. When God takes our humanity upon Godself, there is no speck of our lives that is not completely given over to God’s transforming love. No part of us is immune to God’s salvation. There is no place, no border, no circumstance, no sickness, no battlefield, no assembly line, no living room, no church pew, no warming shelter, no hospital bed—there is no person or situation anywhere that is beyond the reach of God’s redeeming love. 

On this night, the brightness of God shines within each one of us. In the birth of Jesus, all of us have been united inseparably with God. Our true peace comes from the gift of God that is inside of us—contained within our very nature. There is nothing that can take it away from us. It is delivered just for you and me. This good news is as real and personal as if the angel of the Lord had appeared to each one of us, and, because this good news is for all people, we can share it far and wide. This is the good news of Christmas. 

God's Sense Of Timing

 

December 18, 2022 – Advent 4A

Isaiah 7:10-16; Romans 1:1-7; Matthew 1:18-25

© 2022 Evan D. Garner

Audio of this sermon can be heard here. Video of the service can be seen here with the sermon beginning around 23:45.

“An account of the genealogy of Jesus the Messiah, the son of David, the son of Abraham.” That’s how Matthew starts his gospel account—with a genealogy. It’s a pretty dry place to start. Luke, on the other hand, begins with a dramatic visit from the angel Gabriel to Zechariah, the father of John the Baptist. John, of course, starts with the poetic prologue: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” Mark skips all of the introductory fluff and launches straight in with John the Baptist’s call to repentance. But Matthew? Matthew starts with a list of forty-two generations, winding all the way from Abraham down to Jesus.

If you have the patience to get through all forty-two names, you discover that Matthew is actually trying to make a significant point. He summarizes that genealogical introduction in the verse right before today’s gospel reading: “So all the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen generations; and from David to the deportation to Babylon, fourteen generations; and from the deportation to Babylon to the Messiah, fourteen generations.” It is perfectly symmetrical—from the calling of Father Abraham as the patriarch of God’s people to the devastation of Jerusalem in the Babylonian Exile to the birth of Jesus, the son of Joseph, who was God’s Messiah—the Anointed, the Christ. 

But if that’s the point Matthew is trying to make—that the birth of Jesus came at just the right time—he has a funny way of doing it. “Now the birth of Jesus the Messiah took place in this way. When his mother Mary had been engaged to Joseph, but before they lived together, she was found to be with child from the Holy Spirit.” Think about that for a minute. Matthew bothers to trace Jesus’ earthly ancestry all the way down from Abraham to Joseph, but then he tells us that Joseph wasn’t Jesus’ biological father after all. What a strange way to start his account of the good news! What is Matthew trying to tell us?

It turns out that God has everything planned perfectly—even down to the forty-second generation—but Matthew also wants us to remember that God’s perfect plan doesn’t always fit our earthly expectations. If human history were the only thing that matters, Mary could have given birth to Joseph’s son the good old-fashioned way. That’s how God had always brought anointed rulers and inspired prophets to the earth before. Remarkable human beings, graced with God’s power, filled with the divine Spirit, had served God’s people in admirable, even miraculous, ways throughout the generations. As a descendant of King David, Joseph’s son would have had a natural claim to that earthly throne. There is no reason to expect that God would intervene in the course of human affairs in any other way. But, for some reason, this time was different.

“When his mother Mary had been engaged to Joseph, but before they lived together, she was found to be with child from the Holy Spirit.” Even though we still place great emphasis on Mary’s virginity two thousand years later, I still think we underestimate how significant God’s activity was in this birth. This year, in our Christmas pageant, the youth who are playing Mary and Joseph are seventeen years old. That is shocking enough, but the real Mary was probably only eleven or twelve, and Joseph was likely just a year or two older. Back then, families arranged marriages for their children even before they were old enough to have children of their own. Those betrothals were as significant as a marriage and could only be dissolved through divorce or death. After she was engaged to Joseph, Mary would have stayed at home, under the protection and control of her family, until she was old enough to have a child, at which point the entire community would celebrate the fulfillment of the marriage promise. So, when Mary was found to be with child from the Holy Spirit, it upset the natural course of things in a way that would have threatened to tear not only their families but also the whole village apart.

This pregnancy was God’s way of doing something that history both anticipated and yet never could have seen coming. “Joseph, son of David,” the angel said to him in a dream, “do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife, for the child conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit.” God’s messenger began to disclose what God was up to in this unplanned pregnancy. “She will bear a son, and you are to name him Jesus.” Jesus or Joshua or Yeshuah—they’re all the same—is a name that means “God saves,” an appropriate name for the child who will grow up to claim the throne of his ancestor David and deliver God’s people from their imperial occupiers. But no sooner had the angel revealed the name of the child than it gave voice to a kind of salvation that could not be achieved through an earthly king: “…you are to name him Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.”

This was not the sort of savior that could be born to Joseph, the son of David. This child was truly Emmanuel, God-with-us. God had not brought God’s people to the forty-second generation since Faither Abraham to raise up for them a mighty ruler who would save them from their Roman oppressors. God was giving them Jesus, the one who could save them from their sins. Although this child would inherit the throne of David, he would not rule over an earthly kingdom but establish God’s everlasting reign upon the earth. He would deliver his people from the forces of evil but would accomplish that not through military might but by suffering for the sake of the world. All that the prophets had foretold would come to pass but not in the ways that human history expected yet still as the fulfillment of God’s perfect plan.

That’s a beautiful thing, but it can also be disappointing. Sometimes we want God to come and rescue us from the trouble we face here and now. Sometimes we get frustrated that God doesn’t show up and fight our earthly battles for us. Sometimes we feel like giving up because the savior we want—the one we’ve been expecting—isn’t the savior we’ve got. And I think that’s ok. I think it’s ok to feel like giving up because the salvation we desperately want in this moment isn’t the salvation we’re offered by God. How do you think Mary felt? How did you think Joseph felt?

That’s the wonderful thing about how God works. The salvation God gives us doesn’t depend on us or our sense of timing, and it isn’t defeated by our disappointments. It’s bigger than what we can see. It’s more significant than what we can imagine. It’s even more perfect than the most perfect timing we could orchestrate. We want God to come and save us from this moment, but God’s plan is to save us for all time.

In Christ, we have been saved from our sins. Why does that matter? Because now nothing can keep us away from God’s saving love. Freed from the power of sin, we are no longer subject to anything that would stand in the way of God coming to us and saving us. The struggles we face here and now are real, but they have no real power over us. Because of Christ, they cannot win. If the victory we had been given through David’s son had come in the form of another king, another prophet, another ruler, then no matter how perfectly timed that person had been, once that chapter in human history was over, we’d be right back where we started. In the birth of Jesus Christ, God has given us a savior. In him, our Emmanuel, God is with us. We need not wait for anyone else.

Take A Detour To Your Best Life

 

December 4, 2022 – Advent 2A

Isaiah 11:1-10; Romans 15:4-13; Matthew 3:1-12

© 2022 Evan D. Garner

Audio of this sermon can be heard here. Video of the entire service can be seen here with the sermon beginning around 20:45. 

Imagine that you are getting ready to take a trip—the trip of a lifetime. You’ve been talking about it forever. You’ve spent years saving up. You’ve made all the necessary arrangements. The time has finally come, and you couldn’t be more excited.

On the day of your departure, you wake up extra early, full of anticipation and a little nervous. You get to the airport in plenty of time. Your first flight takes off and lands without any trouble. You make it to the connecting gate, board the plane when your group is called, and sit down into your seat, allowing yourself to imagine what it will feel like to stick your toes into the sand and feel the warm, tropical sun shining on your face. 

But then you are jolted back into reality by a loud cracking sound and a sudden lurch to one side by the plane. Everyone on board looks around anxiously. After a few seconds, which feel like an eternity, the pilot comes over the intercom to inform you that there has been a mechanical problem and that the plane will need to land at a nearby airstrip. He assures you that everything will be ok, but he tells you to prepare for an emergency landing just in case.

It is a rough landing, but everyone is ok. The flight attendants tell you to leave your carry-on luggage behind and make your way to the door, where you are told to cross your arms over your chest before sliding down the emergency slide, which has been inflated below. The first thing you notice when you get to the aircraft door is how cold and windy it is. “Where are we?” you ask the flight attendant, standing above the slide. “Somewhere in far-western Russia,” she says, nudging you down the ramp. “A long way from Phuket,” you think to yourself.

At first you allow yourself to think that you’ll be on your way in a few hours, but pretty soon you realize it’s going to be longer than that. There are no significant hotels in this tiny town—no where to put the two hundred or more passengers—so some local officials set up a makeshift shelter in the school gymnasium. Pickup trucks, apparently driven by volunteers, come to the airstrip to get the passengers and carry them to the shelter. You are greeted warmly by your driver, who seems as fascinated by this whole adventure as you are frustrated by it. Using gestures for eating and sleeping, you discern that your driver is offering to put you up in his house. At first you decline, but, when you get to the gymnasium and see what the shelter looks like, you reconsider and take him up on his offer.

Sitting at his family’s table, sharing a goat that they have taken from their own yard, you are overwhelmed by their generosity. One of the children at the table has been studying English, and she helps you communicate in the simplest terms with your host. She describes in broken sentences what life in that community is like—simple, honest, family-centered living. You are drawn in by her words. You see in the way that the family members treat each other and in the way that they welcome you a holiness of life that is most compelling. A strange and totally unexpected thought comes to your mind: maybe this is better even than being on a secluded beach. Maybe it is a good thing that this has happened.

One day in this Russian village becomes two and then three. You’re told something about the airstrip being too small for a replacement plane to land except in an emergency and something else about the only road in and out of the town being washed away in a flood. What surprises you most is that you don’t really mind. You’ve found a deep sense of peace and restoration. All that had worn you down over the years is being washed away not by the tropical waves you’d been searching for but by the ice-cold mountain water that you never expected to find. In a strange way, the life you have found in this village is the life you’ve always been looking for. You don’t know when you will be able to leave, and a part of you hopes you never will.

***

The strange and beautiful thing about God’s reign—God’s great restoration of all things—is that, even though it has come close to us, we must turn aside from our life’s path in order to find it. That’s why John the Baptist is out in the wilderness—out beyond the edge of civilization, out where no one has any business making a home. “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven has come near!” he proclaims—not near the palace, not near the temple, not near the market or the houses or the village square—but near to that place where survival is anything but a given, where the comforts of everyday life disappear. It’s out there, where grasshoppers and wild honey are our only sustenance, as far away from the table scraps of the rich and powerful as you can get, where God and God’s way of being are found.

We can’t get there without taking a detour. That’s what repentance is all about. Repentance isn’t going through the motions of being sorry for the mistakes that we’ve made but turning aside from the direction our life would naturally take in order to embrace a different way of being. We repent when we let go of our dependence on the ways of this world and embrace instead the ways of God. We repent when we forsake our attachments to the comforts of this life and instead hold on to the values enshrined by God’s reign. 

John the Baptist isn’t calling us out to the River Jordan in order to make a big show of how sinful we have been. He’s calling us out to that place where life is wholly dependent on the mercies of God. He’s calling us to embrace a life that centers on what God is doing and what God is promising to do in this world. He knows that we won’t find that life of deepest fulfillment as long as we’re chasing after the comforts of a self-secured, self-insulated lifestyle. 

But the call to repentance is more than a temporary diversion. John the Baptist knows that a weekend away on a spiritual retreat will not be enough. Just hear what he has to say to the Pharisees and Sadducees—those religious insiders who presume that their ancestral pedigree is their ticket into God’s reign: “You brood of vipers—you children of serpents—who warned you to flee from the wrath to come? Bear fruit worthy of repentance.” If we are going to embrace the reign of God, we must belong to God not only with our lips but with our lives.

It's hard to imagine new life springing forth in the desert. It's hard to imagine a life rooted in something other than the wealth, status, and power of this world. It’s hard to imagine that our best life is found not by getting ahead but by stepping aside. But that’s what John wants us to see—that the very best possible life, the life that God has prepared for just for us, is found not on the path that we’ve always taken but by turning aside to accept an entirely new trajectory.

Repent, for the kingdom of heaven has come near. Turn aside, for the life God has in store for you is just around the corner. John the Baptist’s message is the same one that Jesus brings to the earth. He is the one whom John is calling you to meet—the one who will fill you anew with God’s Spirit—God’s breath of life. A great multitude of people has gone out in search of that new life. They have learned that the ways of this world lead only to burnout, emptiness, loneliness, and death. They seek the ways of God, which are ways of true flourishing, fulfillment, and peace. 

We know that we cannot get to that life on the path we’re already on. We must turn aside—we must repent—and embrace the life that God has promised us. That life may not be easy, but God has brought it so very near to us. It is a wonderful, beautiful, way of living. It is the life God calls us to live. All we must do is turn aside and accept it.

Habitual Thanksgiving

 

November 24, 2022 – Thanksgiving Day, Year C

Deuteronomy 26:1-11; Philippians 4:4-9; John 6:25-35

© 2022 Evan D. Garner

Video of the service can be seen here with the sermon beginning around 20:50.

Have you ever started your own business? You need to have a vision and a plan and money and lawyers and more money. My father started a hospital systems company when I was in middle school, and I thought the coolest part was the little embosser for the corporate seal that the attorney gave my dad when he signed all the paperwork. All that hard work and money and risk from my father, and that was my favorite part.

Do you remember seeing at a restaurant or another business that framed first dollar that the owners made? A source of pride. A testament to hard work. A reminder of where they’ve been. A statement of gratitude. I don’t see it as much anymore—probably because nobody uses cash these days—but I always get a little sentimental when I see a large, thriving, decades-old business that still has its first dollar framed upon the wall—that hasn’t forgotten where it came from.

Imagine starting your own restaurant. Developing a few recipes in your home kitchen that your friends and neighbors love. Hearing them say, “You ought to do this for living.” Returning to the idea over and over, unable to let it go. Dreaming about how much more you’d enjoy that than your current job. Finally getting serious about it. Scouting out a location. Taking out a loan. Assembling a kitchen. Buying all the supplies. Getting a business license. Hiring a few employees. Passing a health inspection. Testing it out among some close friends. Tweaking a few things. And then, at long last, with your marriage on thin ice and all your savings gone, opening to the public. 

Your first paying customer. Hands you some cash. You take one dollar out of what he hands you and glue it onto the mat that is set in the frame that you already had ready for this moment. You put the framed dollar on the wall while your spouse takes a picture with an iPhone. And then, before you have any time to celebrate, in walks your priest. He looks at you and smiles and says how glad he is that this day has finally come. And then, without warning, he walks over to the wall behind the register, takes the framed dollar bill off the wall, says something about first fruits belonging to God, and then walks out, taking your first dollar with him. 

For my sake and the sake of our stewardship efforts at St. Paul’s, I hope that story sounds ridiculous. But that’s pretty much what Moses tells the people of Israel to do when they get to the land that flows with milk and honey: “When you have come into the land that the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance to possess, and you possess it, and settle in it, you shall take some of the first of all the fruit of the ground, which you harvest from the land that the LORD your God is giving you, and you shall put it in a basket and go to the place that the LORD your God will choose as a dwelling for his name.” Not the second fruits. Not next year’s harvest. Not what’s left over after you fill your pantry for the winter. But the first produce of your land you will give back to God. 

It almost feels like a punch in the gut—like Don Fanucci, the extortionist from Godfather II, showing up and demanding his cut. After escaping slavery in Egypt. After wandering through the wilderness for forty years. After surviving fire and drought and plague and famine. After crossing the Jordan and conquering the peoples who inhabited the land before they arrived. After learning how to grow crops in a new land. After tilling and planting and weeding and nurturing the plants. Finally, the very first harvest comes in, and God wants his cut. Or does he?

The Israelites’ first Thanksgiving is recorded as a highly prescribed affair. You take the first fruits in a basket to the place where God has chosen to dwell. You go to the priest and hand him the basket and make a solemn declaration of your intent. The basket is then set before God’s altar, and then you have short speech to make: “A wandering Aramean was my ancestor…The LORD heard our voice and saw our affliction…The LORD brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand…The LORD brought us into this place and gave us this land…so now I bring the first of the fruit of the ground that you, O LORD, have given me.” And then, after finishing your speech, you take the full bounty that God has given you, and you share it with the Levites and foreign residents—those who do not have any farmland of their own—and together you celebrate all that God has done for you.

God doesn’t want our harvest. God wants us to know how much God loves us—loves us enough to give us everything we have. We ritualize thanksgiving in order to remember where it all came from. We roast our turkeys and bake our pies and come to church so that we won’t forget. If we didn’t set aside particular ways to give thanks for all the blessings we have received, we might just begin to think that we were the only ones responsible for our bounty. We might believe that all of this belongs to us—that it doesn’t belong to anyone else—that there’s no reason for us to share what we have with others. 

When I was in seminary in England, I signed up to lead Morning Prayer in the chapel on Thanksgiving Day, which, over there, is just the fourth Thursday in November. My classmates scoffed at the idea that Americans would set aside a day on the calendar in order to give thanks. “Shouldn’t we be thankful every day?” they asked. Of course we should. But gratitude takes practice. And sometimes we need a prescribed excuse to get started. So why not start now?

Habitual thanksgiving prevents misplaced credit. Developing a practice of looking outside ourselves—of being thankful to God, to friends and family, to coworkers and shop keepers, to unseen farmers and migrant workers, to truck drivers and warehouse employees, to kindergarten teachers and cafeteria workers, to medical technicians and housekeepers—helps us remember how much we are loved. So many other people have helped us get to this point. A few of them are people whose names we remember, but far more of them have stories that are not told in classrooms or at dinner tables. But God has held all of us together in order to get us where we are. Everything we have is a sign of God’s abundant love for us. Today is a day to give thanks so that tomorrow we will still remember.

Coming Into Focus

 

November 20, 2022 – The Last Sunday after Pentecost: Proper 29C

Jeremiah 23:1-6; Colossians 1:11-20; Luke 23:33-43

© 2022 Evan D. Garner

Audio of this sermon can be heard here. Video of the entire service can be seen here with the sermon beginning around 19:50.

On the scale of Cross to Empty Tomb, where do you like to stand? It is a silly question, of course. We know that one cannot have meaning without the other. The cross is incomplete without the empty tomb, and Easter has no power without Good Friday. But today’s gospel lesson—the crucifixion of Jesus—which we hear on a Sunday when we celebrate the kingship of Christ, asks us to consider more deeply where on that spectrum we look to find salvation.

Sometimes Christians focus so much on the cross that we obscure the significance of Easter. Preachers, poets, and hymn-writers commemorate the sacrifice of Christ with such enthusiastic, bloody detail that the glory of the resurrection feels more like a denouement. In pulpits where that approach is used, Jesus’ death is often described in transactional language—as the means by which the price of our sins was paid. But, when Christians talk about the cross as if God’s Son took our place, we might wonder why we even bother with Easter.

Other Christians, including many preachers from our own tradition, prefer to skip over the cross in order to rush to embrace the victory of the empty tomb. In part that is because the transactional approach leaves us with a depiction of God that we cannot reconcile with the rest of our faith. If God’s wrath can only be satisfied when taken out upon the innocent sacrifice of God’s own Son, where are we supposed to look to find the God who loves us and calls us God’s own? Honestly, the cross raises lots of questions that are hard—if not impossible—to answer. But, when we skip over it because we don’t know how to make sense of it, Easter becomes a victory over what—an historical bump in the road to salvation?

I don’t have the answers to those difficult questions, but today’s gospel lesson gives us some important insights into how to see the crucifixion as the place where Jesus’ kingship becomes most clear. Luke describes a scene in which the one who is killed by powers of this world is also the one who manifests God’s power to them. Hearing this story not on Good Friday but at the end of the church’s year—on the Sunday before Advent—gives us the chance to think about the cross as both the culmination of Jesus’ earthly ministry and the lens through which we anticipate the coming reign of God. 

Jesus himself helps us hear that in the first word he speaks from the cross: “Father.” “Father, forgive them; for they do not know what they are doing,” Jesus said, invoking God with the same intimacy that he had used throughout his ministry. “All things have been handed over to me by my Father,” Jesus said in Luke 10. “When you pray, say, ‘Father, hallowed be your name,’” Jesus taught his disciples in Luke 11. “Do not be afraid, little flock, for it is your Father’s good pleasure to give you the kingdom,” Jesus said in Luke 12. To call God “Father” is to emphasize the closeness, the oneness, the intimacy, between Jesus and God. And to use that word from the cross reveals that, even in his death, Jesus affirms that he belongs to God.

We often think of the cross as the manifestation of humanity’s refusal to accept God’s will, yet Jesus speaks from the cross in a way that affirms its centrality to God’s salvific plan. In ways that defy our logic and anchor our faith, this moment embodies both. As Jesus confirms the continuity of his relationship with God, he shows us that not even his execution can thwart God work of salvation. The tragedy of Good Friday, therefore, is not an empty accident or an unredeemable mistake but the place in which we see and hear God’s saving love coming into focus.

Luke helps us understand that by recalling Jesus’ words of forgiveness uttered in the midst of his suffering: “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.” Similarly, Luke remembers Jesus promising that one of the criminals who was next to him will be with him that day in Paradise. In both instances, Jesus shows us that his salvific work is not only accomplished through the cross but also proclaimed upon it. It is not only his death that saves us but his love for us generously offered despite his suffering. We need not wait until Jesus breathes his last to see God’s work of salvation being carried out upon the cross.

But, to see that work taking place not only in Jesus’ death but also while he hangs upon the cross, we must allow our understanding of what salvation looks like to change. The leaders scoff at the one who would call himself Messiah. The soldiers mock the one who would call himself King. The first criminal derides him as one powerless to save himself. And yet we must see in the crucified one the fullness of God’s power, the fullness of God’s reign, and the fullness of God’s perfect plan coming together for our sakes. Easter may confirm those things for us, but they are as true upon the cross as they are in the empty tomb, and I think that scares us.

The cross of Christ makes us uncomfortable because we know that, if it says something significant about who God is and how God’s salvation comes to the world, it must also become operative in our lives in the very same way. I don’t know about you, but I don’t want to suffer like that. I want my faith in God to save me from suffering, but that’s not what it means to be a Christian. Instead, what it means to believe in Jesus is to believe, as St. Paul’s writes, that the crucified one makes us “strong with all the strength that comes from his glorious power [that we may] be prepared to endure everything with patience.” In Christ we do not escape hardship. We are given the power to endure it. 

It’s a lot easier to look at the cross of Christ and see the antithesis of God’s will than it is to behold within it God’s perfect love. It’s a lot easier to reject the crucified one as one who has failed to accomplish God’s will than to see in him the fulfillment of God’s salvific plan. It’s a lot easier to skip ahead to the joy of Easter than it is to linger in the shadow of the cross. But those who know real suffering in this world know that the power of God is not manifest in the absence of hardship but in its center. They know what it means to look upon the one who hangs upon the cross and see in him the hope of God’s arms reaching out to them in love. They know that Easter is more than a happy ending just as they know that Good Friday is more than a transactional exchange.

We come to the cross to see something more than our debts being paid. We come seeking more than a brief setback on the road to Easter. We come to behold the one who suffered to redeem our suffering. We come to be near the one whose struggle gives strength to our struggle. We come to worship the King of kings, whose glorious reign comes not on a heavenly throne but on the hard wood of the cross. To that king be glory, honor, and power, now and for ever. Amen.

We (Must) Take Scripture Seriously

 

November 13, 2022 – The 23rd Sunday after Pentecost: Proper 28C

Malachi 4:1-2a; 2 Thessalonians 3:6-13; Luke 21:5-19

© 2022 Evan D. Garner

Audio of this sermon can be heard here. Video of the entire service can be seen here with the sermon beginning around 22:20.

One year when I was in middle school, our youth group went to Panama City Beach for Spring Break. That might sound like fun, but we didn’t actually go to the beach for more than a few minutes. Instead, we spent the whole time at a renewal conference with other youth groups, listening to overly enthusiastic preachers, amazingly confident small group leaders, and a really loud Christian rock band that none of us liked. Although I don’t remember a lot about that conference, two things stick with me all these years later: I remember feeling pressured to give my life to Jesus publicly because I was made to believe that my private devotions weren’t sufficient, and I remember being asked to use the Bible to solve the “welfare crisis” in this country.

The youth in our small group were split up into pairs, and each team was handed a Bible and a societal problem that they were supposed to solve using biblical values. I don’t remember any of the other topics, but I recall flipping through the pages of scripture, desperately looking for anything that had to do with welfare. We were stumped. When it was our turn to share, we acknowledged that we hadn’t found anything but offered our firm conviction that “God helps those who help themselves.” “That’s not in the Bible,” the small group leader snapped back at us disappointedly, mistakenly attributing our words to Shakespeare. “Second Thessalonians 3:10,” was all she said by way of correction, waiting for us to find and read the verse aloud: “For even when we were with you, we gave you this command: anyone unwilling to work should not eat.”

I didn’t pay a lot of attention to politics back then, but looking back and realizing that a certain former Arkansas Governor was in the White House and that the “Welfare to Work” bill was being debated in Congress, I’m not surprised that we were asked to use the Bible to find a simple answer to that complex problem. I’m not sure what the leaders would have done if we had cited Matthew 25:5—“For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat”—or Proverbs 25:21—“If your enemies are hungry, give them bread to eat”—or Isaiah 58:6-7—“Is this not the fast that I choose:…to share your bread with the hungry and bring the homeless poor into your house?”

But what are we supposed to do with today’s reading from 2 Thessalonians? Here, the apostle Paul seems to say unequivocally that those who are unwilling to work shall not eat. Does he mean that? He even gives it as a command, flexing all his apostolic muscle to get his point across. But the Bible rarely offers simple, unequivocal answers to difficult issues, and it might not surprise you to learn that Paul probably wasn’t attempting to winnow down the welfare rolls in Thessalonica. 

It turns out that laziness or, as our translation puts it, “idleness,” wasn’t really the issue. The phrase (ἀτάκτως περιπατοῦντος) translated at the beginning of this passage as “living in idleness” more precisely means “walking in a disordered way,” as in a soldier who is “marching out of ranks.” Translators have a hard time knowing what Paul meant when he used that phrase because this is the only time it is found in the Bible. For a long time, English translations of the Bible kept the original idiom without attempting to explain it. For example, the 14th-century Wycliff Bible used “wandereth out of order,” and the 17th-century King James Version chose “walketh disorderly.” 

By the middle of the twentieth century, however, things had begun to shift. Translators wanted to provide more context, perhaps to be sure that overly literal interpreters didn’t think the problem in Thessalonica was Christians who couldn’t walk in a straight line. For example, when the American Standard Version, originally published in 1901, was updated in 1971, the phrase went from “walketh disorderly” to “leads a disorderly life.” But other translations wanted to go even further in the name of contextualization, borrowing (perhaps unfairly) from the surrounding text, changing “disorderly walking” to “living in idleness,” and Christians have been confusing what Paul had in mind ever since. 

It could be that the disorder or misconduct that Paul had in mind was sheer laziness, but reading the rest of the passage or, even better, the rest of First and Second Thessalonians is an important step to figuring it out. Whatever Paul wanted to convey, we see that he based his argument on the time he spent in that community: “For you yourselves know how you ought to imitate us; we were not [disorderly] when we were with you, and we did not eat anyone's bread without paying for it; but with toil and labor we worked night and day, so that we might not burden any of you.” 

You’d be hard-pressed to call Paul lazy or idle, but you could say that he was too busy doing important things like preaching and teaching to earn a living. You could say that an apostle like Paul shouldn’t have to pay for his own meals but should be entitled to live off the generosity of others. But Paul didn’t want to set that sort of disorderly example. He didn’t want other would-be apostles to take advantage of their authority, so he always paid his own way. 

If you took time to read the rest of First and Second Thessalonians, you’d discover that the overarching problem Paul was addressing in that community wasn’t lazy Christians, who expected others to feed them, but pretend-apostles, who expected the Christian community to treat them like royalty, hanging on their every word and providing for their every need. But you’d never know that if the only verse you ever read was 2 Thessalonians 3:10. Thankfully, we belong to a Christian tradition that takes the Bible more seriously than that.

“Blessed Lord, who has caused all holy scriptures to be written for our learning…” We prayed those words in the collect for today, acknowledging the God-given gift of not only the scriptures we like to hear but of all the scriptures. When Thomas Cranmer, the author of the first Book of Common Prayer, wrote those words, he was implicitly criticizing the dominant religious institution of the day not only for insisting that worship be offered in a language that the people could not understand but also for breaking up the reading of scripture with so many feast days that most of the Bible went unread during worship. Today, the dominant Christian culture does much of the same, prioritizing translations that reinforce their opinions and proof-texting select verses to fit their arguments. But the Word of God will not be weaponized like that.

If you want to know what the Episcopal Church believes about something, the right place to look is in our prayers, and today’s collect tells us what we believe about the Bible. We believe that God caused all holy scriptures to be written, not as a literal, factual record of history but as a divinely inspired gift that was written for a particular purpose—for our learning. We believe that God helps us do more than memorize the words on the page. We believe that God enables us to hear them, read, mark, learn, and inwardly digest them until they become a part of who we are. We believe, as the Rite I version of the collect puts it, that it takes patience—time and repeated encounters with God’s Word—to receive the full benefit of the comfort that God’s Word provides. And we believe that immersing ourselves in the richness of that Word will help us embrace and hold onto the ultimate hope that God has given us, which is everlasting life. In short, we believe that the whole Bible is God’s gift to us and that, when we study it deeply, it helps us maintain our hope in what God has promised us.

But Cranmer’s vision of a rich, scripture-fueled hope wasn’t to be accomplished by coming to church once a week and paying attention when the lessons were read. He imagined a church in which all people—clergy and laity—were committed to reading the Bible every day. In the preface to the first Book of Common Prayer, Cranmer wrote that, by coming to church and hearing the scriptures read every day, “the people…should continually profit more and more in the knowledge of God, and be the more inflamed with the love of [God’s] true religion.” Though it may sound like something you’d find in another denomination, there is nothing more Anglican or Episcopal than reading your Bible seven days a week. That’s why we offer Morning and Evening Prayer most days and encourage you to read the Daily Office on your own.

Throughout Christian history, isolated verses of scripture have been used to do terrible things—like defend slavery, perpetuate misogyny, dehumanize the poor, demonize individuals because of their sexuality, excuse abusive behavior, and justify genocide. But the whole canon of scripture tells a very different story—one of God’s persistent love for the world, preference for the poor, vindication of the oppressed, and redemption of the lost. We are a part of that story, and, if we want to tell that story that is good news for the world, we must take the Bible seriously—seriously enough to read the whole thing and to read it every day until it takes hold of our hearts and minds and shapes our lives into lives filled with hope. 

Enough Room, Even For Us

 

October 30, 2022 – The 21st Sunday after Pentecost: Proper 26C

Isaiah 1:10-18; 2 Thessalonians 1:1-4, 11-12; Luke 19:1-10

© 2022 Evan D. Garner

Audio of this sermon can be heard here. Video of the service can be seen here with the sermon beginning around 18:00.

Zacchaeus might have been short, but I think it was his shortcomings that sent him climbing up that sycamore tree. Luke tells us that “he was trying to see who Jesus was, but, on account of the crowd, he could not, because he was short in stature.” It was the crowd that stood between him and Jesus. If he had been taller, he could have seen over them, but no one was willing to let him stand up front. Think about the last time you were at a parade. Doesn’t the crowd usually make space up front for children or other people who either need to sit down just can’t see from the back? Don’t we know intuitively how to line up with the taller people in back and the shorter people up front so that everyone can get a peek?

No one was willing to make room for Zacchaeus, and he knew better than to ask. Zacchaeus was a chief tax collector—a title Luke may have made up to convey either that he was some sort of district leader among revenue officers or simply that he was exceptional at his job—particularly skilled at squeezing money out of his fellow Jews in order to fill the coffers of the Roman Empire. Regardless, Zacchaeus’s job had made him filthy rich, and that was a problem—a problem for Zacchaeus but also an interpretive problem for us as well. 

Think about it. What sort of people did Jesus like to spend time with? And who were the ones Jesus was always after to change their ways in order to find their place in the kingdom of God? We know that Jesus loved surrounding himself with tax collectors and other notorious sinners—those people whom polite society refused to welcome—but he didn’t seem to care for rich people whose wealth created a chasm between themselves and the poor. So what was Zacchaeus supposed to do? He was a complicated example of someone whom society had rejected but whose wealth had made him powerful. Would he be welcomed by Jesus or brushed aside? 

Zacchaeus had heard about Jesus, and he wanted to see who he was, but he couldn’t get too close, or else he might be further humiliated. He had heard that this rabbi believed that even tax collectors could be accepted at God’s table, but he was no ordinary tax collector, and he wasn’t sure whether that radical welcome would include the likes of him. So he climbed up into the boughs of a sycamore tree and hid among the leaves, hoping to see Jesus but also hoping to escape notice.

But Jesus noticed him. “Zacchaeus,” Jesus said to the little man hiding up in the tree. Does it surprise us that Jesus knew the man’s name? How shocking that must have been to everyone who heard it! “Hurry and come down,” Jesus continued, “for I must stay at your house today.” Notice the imperative behind Jesus’ words. “I must stay at your house today.” I must. Something compels me to be your guest today. The presence of God’s kingdom and the perfection of God’s promises require that Jesus come and lodge with Zacchaeus, the chief tax collector. His riches and way of life should have represented an obstacle to God’s reign becoming manifest in his life, yet this was the man whom Jesus sought out.

No sooner had Zacchaeus scrambled out of the tree to take Jesus into his home than the entire crowd began to grumble that Jesus had gone to be the guest of a sinner like that. Usually, when Jesus dined with tax collectors and sinners, it was the religious authorities who grumbled—the goodie-goodies who didn’t understand why a religious leader like Jesus would spend time with the riff-raff of their day. But this time, Luke tells us that “all who saw it”—all who beheld this radical gesture of reverse hospitality—began to complain about what it represented. None of them was comfortable with the thought of a faithful rabbi—even one known for keeping company with societal outcasts—entering the home of a traitor as notorious as this chief tax collector. This was a step too far, even for Jesus. Even the reign of God, which Jesus had come to make manifest among the lost sheep of Israel, had its limits.

But then something remarkable took place. We don’t know whether Zacchaeus heard the grumbling, though surely he knew what the crowd thought. Standing there, he said to Jesus, “Look, half of my possessions, Lord, I will give to the poor; and if I have defrauded anyone of anything, I will pay back four times as much.” That represented a remarkable transformation—that the man whose work and whose wealth had cut him off from God’s people was now offering to give back so much of what he had—but the text leaves some important ambiguity about whose transformation we’re witnessing in this instant. 

Although many English translations, like the one we use in church, render Zacchaeus’ words in the future tense—“I will give” and “I will pay back”—the biblical text actually uses verbs in the present tense—“Half of my possessions, Lord, I give to the poor; and, if I have defrauded anyone of anything, I pay back four times as much.” It could be that Zacchaeus was using the present tense to convey a future resolve, which would imply that this encounter with Jesus had changed his life so radically that from now on he would give all that money away. But it could just as easily be that Zacchaeus was describing the way he already lived, revealing a quiet generosity that no one in the crowd had ever known. That ambiguity has fueled debates among scholars and preachers for generations, but I don’t think it really matters because I don’t think Zacchaeus is the one whose conversion is the focus of this story.

“Today, salvation has come to this house,” Jesus declared, “because he, too, is a child of Abraham.” Could it be that those words become true not because Zacchaeus has undergone a moment of transformation but because all of us who look on now see this child of God in the light of God’s grace? Can it be that Jesus’ insistence that he dine in the home of the chief tax collector changes our understanding of who belongs in God’s reign? Maybe we are the ones whose conversion this story is about. Maybe we’re the ones who are supposed to be changed by this encounter.

We believe in a God whose love for the world is bigger than anything we can imagine. We believe that God’s grace is big enough for tax collectors and sinners. We believe that God’s welcome includes the poor, the widow, and the orphan. But do we believe that God’s love is big enough for us as well? Very few of us fit neatly into one of the biblical categories of people to whom God reaches out in love. Is there room for complicated sinners like us in the kingdom of God? Can we believe that God’s love is meant for us as well? Or are we so worried that we won’t be accepted that we scamper up into the branches of a sycamore tree in the hopes that we might get a look at Jesus from a safe-enough distance that he won’t bother to tell us what we are afraid he might otherwise say—that we don’t belong?

Zacchaeus went looking for Jesus, but Jesus went looking for Zacchaeus as well. “I must stay at your house today,” Jesus said, showing us that God’s kingdom cannot be complete until even the least likely among us finds their place at God’s table. None of us belongs at that table because we are good enough, holy enough, or generous enough. We belong because God’s goodness towards us is always enough. There can be no limit to God’s welcome because there can be no limit to God’s love. May we hear in Jesus’ words to Zacchaeus the same words that God speaks to each one of us—I must stay at your house today. May we see that God’s reign cannot be complete until all of us are there.